If you’ve experienced persistent nasal congestion, a reduced sense of smell, or recurring sinus infections, nasal polyps may be the underlying cause. Though noncancerous and often painless, these soft, sac-like growths in the nasal passages or sinuses can significantly affect your breathing and quality of life. Understanding nasal polyps, including their symptoms, causes, and treatment options, is essential to finding lasting relief.
What Are Nasal Polyps?
Nasal polyps are benign (noncancerous) growths that form in the lining of your nasal passages or sinuses. They are typically teardrop-shaped and can vary in size. While small polyps may not cause any symptoms, larger ones or clusters can block normal airflow and sinus drainage. These polyps are often associated with chronic inflammation and are commonly seen in people with asthma, allergies, or chronic sinus infections.
Common Symptoms of Nasal Polyps
The symptoms of nasal polyps can range from mild to severe, depending on their size and number. Common signs include:
- Persistent nasal congestion
- Runny nose or postnasal drip
- Decreased or lost sense of smell and taste
- Facial pressure or pain
- Headaches
- Snoring
- Frequent sinus infections
If these symptoms persist for more than 10 days or worsen over time, it’s important to seek an evaluation from an ENT specialist.
What Causes Nasal Polyps?
While the exact cause of nasal polyps isn’t fully understood, chronic inflammation appears to play a significant role. This inflammation may result from:
- Chronic sinusitis
- Asthma
- Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
- Aspirin sensitivity
- Cystic fibrosis (a genetic condition that affects mucus production)
- Immune system responses to infections or irritants
Some individuals may also have a genetic predisposition to developing nasal polyps, especially if they have a family history of respiratory conditions.
How Are Nasal Polyps Diagnosed?
An ENT specialist can diagnose nasal polyps through a physical examination and may use one or more of the following tools:
- Nasal endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the nose to inspect the nasal passages.
- Imaging tests: CT scans can help determine the size and location of polyps and assess the extent of inflammation.
- Allergy testing: Identifying underlying allergies may guide treatment decisions.
Treatment Options for Nasal Polyps
Treatment typically aims to reduce inflammation and the size of the polyps or eliminate them entirely. Options include:
Medications
- Nasal corticosteroid sprays (e.g., fluticasone, mometasone) reduce inflammation and may shrink polyps.
- Oral or injectable corticosteroids are used for severe cases but are typically short-term due to side effects.
- Antihistamines or decongestants may help manage allergies or congestion.
- Biologic therapies such as dupilumab are newer options for patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps who don’t respond to standard treatments.
Surgery
- When medications are ineffective, a procedure called endoscopic sinus surgery may be recommended. This minimally invasive surgery removes the polyps and clears sinus passages, improving airflow and drainage.
- While surgery can be highly effective, polyps can recur, making continued medical therapy and monitoring essential.
Preventing Recurrence
To prevent nasal polyps from returning, consider the following strategies:
- Use a daily saline nasal rinse to keep nasal passages clear.
- Manage allergies and asthma effectively with guidance from a specialist.
- Avoid known irritants such as smoke, dust, or strong fragrances.
- Adhere to your prescribed medications to control inflammation.
When to See an ENT Specialist
If you’re experiencing chronic sinus symptoms or suspect nasal polyps, don’t wait for them to worsen. An ENT specialist can offer a thorough evaluation and tailor a treatment plan to restore your breathing and comfort.
Conclusion
At Anne Arundel ENT & Facial Plastic Surgery, we provide advanced diagnostic tools and personalized treatment options for nasal polyps and other sinus conditions. Contact our offices in Annapolis or Severna Park today to schedule a consultation and breathe easier.
